Reading 10

 The pollution

 

Environmental pollution is defined as the unfavorable alteration of our surroundings. It is by product of man’s activities through direct or indirect efforts of changes. These changes could be in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of land, air or water that harmfully affect human life or any desirable living thing. Human population explosion, rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scientific and technological advancement etc. are the major causes of environmental pollution. Nearly 35 percent of India’s total land area is subjected to serious environmental pollution. Three fourths of the earth consists of water, yet there is a scarcity of potable water. In India, all the sources of water like rivers, lakes, ponds and wells have been polluted and are unfit for drinking. As a result of the increased use of fertilizers, the rivers, seas and oceans have become contaminated with harmful pollutants. It is estimated that more than 500 tons of mercury enters the ocean every year. Oil slicks, pollution caused by the flow of industrial waste, sewage and fertilizer have also threatened the aquatic life.

 

 

unfavorable	not approved of
indirect	Not direct
characteristics	a distinguishable feature of a person or thing

Reading 10

              The pollution

 

 

Environmental pollution is defined as the unfavorable alteration of our surroundings. It is by product of man’s activities through direct or indirect efforts of changes. These changes could be in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of land, air or water that harmfully affect human life or any desirable living thing. Human population explosion, rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scientific and technological advancement etc. are the major causes of environmental pollution. Nearly 35 percent of India’s total land area is subjected to serious environmental pollution. Three fourths of the earth consists of water, yet there is a scarcity of potable water. In India, all the sources of water like rivers, lakes, ponds and wells have been polluted and are unfit for drinking. As a result of the increased use of fertilizers, the rivers, seas and oceans have become contaminated with harmful pollutants. It is estimated that more than 500 tons of mercury enters the ocean every year. Oil slicks, pollution caused by the flow of industrial waste, sewage and fertilizer have also threatened the aquatic life.

 

 

unfavorable	not approved of
indirect	Not direct
characteristics	a distinguishable feature of a person or thing
scarcity	dearth
contaminated	alloy

 

Reading 8

Fast food

 

The fast food industry in the U.S. has grown dramatically during the last few years. According to research, people in the U.S. spend more money on fast food than in higher education. The people that eat fast food range over all ages, from young children to retired senior people. However, senior people do not eat fast food very often. The group that consumes fast food the most is teenagers. Some of the reasons that young people eat more fast food than old people are young people have more money to eat and more ability to go out to eat than old people do, and young people are also busier than old people.

 

Today, most of the young people have more money to buy fast food than the old people do. To young people, the money that their parents provide is just enough for lunch. Young people, mostly high school students, want to work so they can have money to spend on clothes and hang out with friends. Since young people do not have to pay for their house or other bills, they keep all their money from work. Young people are more careless with their money than old people are.

 

 

 

According	Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action.
dramatically	Having a powerful, expressive singing voice
retired	People stopped  working
senior people	Older person
provide	To make a living; earn money for necessities

Reading 9

 The Dolphins

 

 

My topic talking about dolphins life and I learned that are dolphins are marine that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. The family Delphinidae  is the largest in the Cetacean order, and evolved relatively recently, about ten million years ago, during the Miocene. Dolphins are among the most intelligent animals, and their often friendly appearance and seemingly playful attitude have made them popular in human culture.

I founded this topic so interesting and I join when I read it and I learned a new information about the dolphins.

 

 

 

marine	A member of a marine corps, which is commonly designated by the plural.
porpoises	A small cetacean of the family Phocoenidae, related to whales and dolphins.
shallower	A shallow portion of an otherwise deep body of water.
squid	1.      Any of several carnivorous marine cephalopod mollusks, of the order Teuthida, having a mantle, eight arms, and a pair of tentacles 2.      A sailor in the Navy.
Miocene	Of a geologic epoch within the Neogene period from about 23 to 5.3 million years ago; marked by the drift of continents to their present position

Reading 7

The brain facts

 

Everybody know that, brain needs a continuous supply of oxygen. A 10 minute loss of oxygen will usually cause significant neural damage. Cold can lengthen this time, which is why cold-water drowning victims have been revived after as nuch as 40 minutes – without brain damage.
brain uses a fifth of all your blood. It needs it to keep up with the heavy metabolic demands of its neurons. It needs not only the glucose that is delivered, but of course, the oxygen.
– Your brain feels no pain. There are no nerves that register pain within the brain itself. Because of this, neurosurgeons can probe the brain while a patient is conscious (what fun!). By doing this, they can use feedback from the patient to identify important regions, such as those used for speech, or visualization.

– The human brain weighs an average of a little over three pounds, or 1.4 kilograms. Albert Einstein’s brain may have been smaller than yours, because he was smaller than average. There is a general correlation between body size and the size of our brains.

I like this topic so much and I learned a lot of new words and new information about the brain .

 

significant	Signifying something; carrying meaning
neural	Of, or relating to the nerves, neurons or the nervous system
neurosurgeons	A surgeon specializing in brain surgery
lengthen	To make longer, to extend the length of
visualization.	The act of visualizing, or something visualized

 

Reading 6

Angels in Different Cultures and Religions

Ever noticed how there seems to be angel sculptures or figurines in every home you go?
This is because many cultures in the world share the belief in the existence of this supernatural being.

In Judaism, angels, or malachim, serve as God’s messengers and “workers” here on Earth. It was for example, an angel who stopped Abraham just as he was about to kill his beloved son as a sacrifice to God. The angel Michael on the other hand, is viewed as the guardian and protector of the people of Israel.

With the roots of Christianity closely linked to Judaism, it comes as no surprise that Christians also hold angels in high-esteem. As in Judaism, angels also played great roles in many events viewed with great importance by Christians. It was the angel Gabriel who appeared to Mary and told her of how she was chosen by God to give birth to his son Jesus, who Christians believe is the savior of mankind. The Bible also recounts that Christ’s resurrection from the dead was announced by angels. Angels, Christians believe, are God’s link to man.

Angels also figure prominently in the Islam faith, one of their basic articles of faith being the “belief in angels”. Muslims believe that each person has four angels (which they call Malaa’ika, meaning, messengers) assigned to him who tally his good and bad actions (two record the good while the other two take note of the bad). They also assign souls to newborns and are responsible for taking care of the environment.
One main difference between the Islamic and Christian/Jewish views on angels, is that for Muslims, it is not possible for angels to fall from grace, as they cannot commit sin.
In my opinion about this topic I like it so much and I learned a lot of information about what the angles mean  in the different  culture and religions.

supernatural	Something that is neither visible nor measurable
sacrifice	To give away something valuable to get at least a possibility to gain something else of value (such as self-respect, trust, love, freedom, prosperity), or to avoid an even greater loss
protector	Someone who protects or guards,by assignment or on his own initiative
grace	Elegant movement; poise or balance.
sculpture	The art of shaping figures or designs in the round or in relief

Reading 5

Antarah Ibn Shaddad

 

1-       What was the text about? What did you learn?

My topic talked about one of the most romantic and a chivalrous figures in Arabic literature.

He bore between Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

This story tells of old Bedouin traditions that are rich in both color and culture of mighty principles, chivalry. As well as a deep passionate love.

 2- what was your opinion of the text? Did you find it interesting?

I found this story very interesting because talked about love in ignorance and searching about freedom and how access to ambition. And my opinion in this topic a human does not give up his ambition to get to, but should works hard to get it

 

3-Lest five new words that you learnt while reading that text, and give their definition.

Chivalrous : honorable, especially to women.

Figures: Third-person singular simple present indicative form of figure.

Literature : The collected creative writing of a nation, people, group or culture.

Principles: Plural form of principle.

• Chivalry :



An ethical code prevalent in Medieval Europe; the honor code of the knight, having such primary virtues as mercy towards the poor and oppressed, humility, honor, sacrifice, fear of God, faithfulness, courage and utmost graciousness and courtesy to ladies.

 

Reading 4

Earthquake 

Earthquake is used to describe any seismic event whether natural or caused by humans.

 

My text about earthquake also knows as a quake or temor . I learned that , the result of the earthquake a sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

Also the type and size of earthquake experience over a period of time.

Earthquake is measured with a seismometer also called a seismograph.

 

At final I liked this topic so much because nowadays this phenomenon is prevalent across the world.

 

release : The distribution of an initial or new and upgraded version of a computer software product; the distribution can be both public or private.

Energy: The impetus behind all motion and all activity.

Experience: Activity which one has performed.

Measured: That has been determined by measurement.

Phenomenon: An observable fact or occurrence or a kind of observable fact or occurrence

Reading 3

Monkey world

 

Each animal in this world had a special way to live. Moneys also had a wonderful way to adapt and live with other animals.

My text talked about monkeys world and how can the monkeys adapt with humans and with animals around them.

I learned a lot of new information about these funny and funky animals.First, new information it say there are more than 200 families monkeys. Second, monkey brain is like the human brain in terms of structure. Third, scientist classifies monkeys into two groups: the new world monkeys and old monkeys. New world monkeys live in Central America and South America and old world monkeys live in Africa and Asia.Lastly, there are many differences between the two groups. for example, opened a nose often diverge in the new world monkeys ,on the majority of new world monkeys are not 36 while there are old world monkeys have 32 teeth ,same number of  human teeth.

 

All of all, I found this topic very interesting because I learned a new information I never heard about it before , and my opinion for my friends to try reading about monkeys world and I promise you will enjoying like me and you will get a new information and new words.

Adapt: to modify or remodel for a different purpose

       Diverge: to tend into different directions

classify: to categorize

funky: Not quite right

 

 

Adapt: to modify or remodel for a different purpose

       Diverge: to tend into different directions

classify: to categorize

funky: Not quite right

Reading1

The stages of petal development

 

1–       What was the text about? What did you learn?

My text what I choosing it was about the stages of petal development.

In fact I learn a lot of things such as, the three main stages of fetal development are conception, embryonic and development of the fetal.

 

2-       What was your opinion of the text? Did you find it interesting?

My opinion in this topic I was enjoyed very much when I reading this topic and I learned much about the stages of growth of the fetal in the uterus also it was more than interesting ,because they talked and learned me more information that I did not know about it before .

 

3-          Lest five new words that you learnt while reading that text, and give their definition.

 

The words	The divinations
fetal	Pertaining to
Fetus	An unborn or vertebrate showing signs of the mature animal.
Un hatched	Not yet hatched
Uterus	Organs of the female reproductive system in which the young are conceived develop until birth.
pelvis	The large compound bone structure at the base of spine that supports the legs.